Waste-to-energy technology supports circular economy

Waste-to-energy technology serves as a critical final stage in the circular economy by addressing the physical limitations of mechanical recycling. While materials like plastics and fibers can be recycled multiple times, they eventually suffer from material fatigue. For instance, polymer chains in plastics typically break down after approximately 10 to 12 melting cycles.

Thermal treatment processes close the material loop by recovering the energy stored in these residual materials. These facilities provide reliable base-load electricity and district heating, which helps stabilize energy grids during periods of low renewable energy production and reduces reliance on gas or coal.

Additionally, waste-to-energy acts as a filtration mechanism for the material cycle. By thermally treating residues, the process prevents the accumulation of contaminants, such as microplastics, adhesives, and printing inks, within secondary raw materials, thereby maintaining the purity of the recycling stream.