Winter air pollution spikes respiratory allergies and asthma

Cold, dry winter conditions combined with higher concentrations of air pollutants intensify respiratory problems such as rhinitis, sinusitis and asthma. Low humidity, temperature inversions and reduced rain limit the dispersion of particulate matter, allowing pollutants from vehicle exhaust, industry and smoke to remain close to ground level. Experts note that these particles irritate the nasal mucosa and trigger inflammation, especially in people already prone to allergies.

The World Health Organization links air pollution to roughly 7 million premature deaths each year, while allergic diseases affect 30‑40 % of the global population. In Brazil, about 30 % of citizens report symptoms of allergic rhinitis. Vulnerable groups—including children, the elderly and individuals with chronic respiratory conditions—experience more severe symptoms during winter.

Health professionals recommend practical measures: keep indoor spaces ventilated for 15‑30 minutes daily (preferably when outdoor air is warmer), maintain good hygiene of bedding and furnishings, stay well‑hydated, use nasal saline rinses, monitor air‑quality indexes and limit outdoor exposure during peak pollution periods. These steps help reduce viral transmission, allergen load and inflammation in the airways.