Advancements in biomimetic aquatic robotics

Developments in biomimetic aquatic robotics have progressed from specific mechanical innovations to broader environmental applications.

Initial research focused on the ScaFi robot, a biomimetic design inspired by fish like cod and mackerel. Developed by engineers from New York University and the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, ScaFi utilizes a scalable architecture that allows for construction ranging from 60 centimeters to nearly 3 meters. The robot employs a rigid front section and a flexible fiberglass tail driven by a single motor to mimic subcarangiform swimming patterns.

Subsequent advancements have expanded the use of these technologies toward ecosystem protection. Researchers at ETH Zurich have developed soft-bodied robotic fish, such as Belle and Eve, which use silent internal water pumping to avoid the noise and turbulence of traditional propellers. These devices are equipped with sonar, high-resolution cameras, and environmental DNA (eDNA) collection systems to map biodiversity. Other specialized biomimetic technologies include Germany’s Energyfish for hydrokinetic energy and the United Kingdom’s WasteShark for plastic removal in waterways.