AI and digital technology integration in architecture

The architectural and landscape design sectors are increasingly integrating advanced computational tools, artificial intelligence, and immersive technologies into their workflows.

Research in Austria and Germany highlights a focus on hybrid analog-digital workflows, such as using vulcanized fiber where researchers must mediate discrepancies between digital geometry and unpredictable material behavior. In landscape architecture, AI adoption is currently in an early stage, with practitioners primarily using non-specialized tools like ChatGPT and Midjourney for repetitive tasks.

Technological evolution is also expanding into immersive visualization and automated modeling. Virtual Reality (VR) services are being used to bridge the gap between 2D plans and built environments through 360° tours or real-time 3D engines. Furthermore, AI-based image-to-3D converters are enabling the transformation of 2D sketches into printable STL models. Despite these advancements, technical challenges remain, as data indicates that over 68% of desktop 3D printing users experience failures due to non-manifold geometry during the conversion process.