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Alzheimer's disease: Symptoms, management, and new therapies

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2026-09-21 13:19 UTC → 2026-09-21 13:57 UTC · added ~~removed~~

Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias are characterized by progressive cognitive decline caused by the accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques and tau tangles. While aging is a primary risk factor, experts emphasize that dementia is not a normal part of aging and can affect individuals under 65. Early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) accounts for 5–10% of cases and is often sporadic, though rare genetic mutations in the PSEN1, PSEN2, and APP genes can lead to a 100% inheritance risk in specific familial cases. A new era of treatment is emerging with disease-modifying therapies that target underlying mechanisms to slow progression. However, these are only effective for patients with mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia, making early diagnosis critical. In Poland, while Alzheimer's accounts for 60–70% of the estimated 618,000 dementia cases, only about 130,000 patients currently receive registered and reimbursed medications, highlighting a significant gap in healthcare access. Projections suggest dementia cases among seniors in Poland could exceed 1.7 million by 2050. On World Alzheimer's Day, medical experts highlighted that globally, an estimated 57 million people live with dementia, a figure projected to reach 139 million by 2050. In Turkey, where approximately 700,000 people currently live with these conditions, experts warn that ~~the aging population could cause~~ cases could increase two to ~~double or more~~ two-and-a-half times by 2050. To combat this, municipalities in Manisa, Konya, Kahramanmaraş, and İzmir have organized awareness events and exercise programs, such as brisk walking, to promote cognitive health. New medical developments include FDA-approved subcutaneous injection forms for antibody treatments that allow for home administration, though these are not yet licensed in Turkey. Management continues to focus on cardiovascular and metabolic health through lifestyle interventions such as a Mediterranean-style diet, physical activity, quality sleep, and social engagement. ~~In Turkey, local governments in İzmir, Manisa, Konya, and Bursa have established specialized centers and day-care homes to provide cognitive exercises, social interaction, and respite for caregivers.~~

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