[REVISION HISTORY]

Calf muscle function and mortality risk research

Updated 1 time since CLSTR started tracking revisions of this situation.

What changed

2026-09-03 10:34 UTC → 2026-09-10 09:47 UTC · added ~~removed~~

Research identifies the calf muscle pump as a ‘second heart’ that is essential for blood circulation by compressing veins to push blood upward against gravity. Studies from the Mayo Clinic and other researchers have linked impaired calf muscle function to significantly increased mortality risks. Data indicates that individuals with deficient pump function face mortality rates as high as 17.5% to 18% over a ten-year period, compared to approximately 6% for those with normal function. Some research suggests that weak pump function can more than double the risk of death. A 2020 study conducted by Mayo Clinic researchers analyzed the medical records of 2,728 adults who underwent vascular examinations. The findings confirmed that after ten years, 18 percent of individuals with impaired calf pump function had died, compared to only 6 percent of those with good pump function. A functional calf muscle pump also helps prevent venous issues such as swollen ankles, leg pain, and a feeling of heaviness. To support this function, experts recommend physical activities such as walking, running, climbing stairs, and strength training. For those remaining seated for long periods, simple movements like performing heel raises can improve circulation and may assist in regulating blood glucose and fat metabolism.

Versions

Only revisions since CLSTR began indexing content versions appear here. Select a version to see what changed compared to the one before it.