Demographic aging in Mexico and Chile

Demographic shifts in Mexico and Chile are creating significant challenges for social and economic systems. Aging populations, declining birth rates, and increased life expectancy are reshaping these nations.

In Mexico, projections indicate that by 2030, adults aged 60 or older could comprise nearly 15% of the population, a threshold that may see this demographic surpass the number of children and adolescents for the first time. This shift is expected to impact labor markets, household structures, and healthcare. These changes coincide with concerns regarding pension systems; while reforms have been implemented, replacement rates remain a concern, particularly for high-income earners who may only see 20% to 30% of their final salary. Public health challenges are also emerging, including a high prevalence of dental caries among those over 60. Additionally, research from the National Autonomous University of Mexico indicates that returning female migrants often face higher rates of multimorbidity and functional dependency compared to non-migrants.

Chile is experiencing an accelerated aging process. Census data shows an aging index of 79 people aged 65 or older for every 100 children under 14, with projections suggesting over 25% of the population will be 60 or older by 2035. This trend is linked to a rise in chronic diseases, with over 85% of elderly individuals presenting at least one chronic condition, driving demand for specialized psychosocial support, therapeutic care, and therapeutic companions.