South Korean KTX high-speed rail capacity shortages

South Korea is experiencing a significant shortage of seats on KTX high-speed trains, with the daily average of standing passengers exceeding 10,000 for the first time. Data indicates that while passenger demand surged by approximately 83.1% between 2021 and 2023, the supply of available seats grew by only 5.2%. This imbalance is driven largely by an aging fleet, with 50.2% of vehicles requiring increased maintenance, and a high utilization rate of 117.9% in the first half of 2026.

During a National Assembly audit of Korail, lawmakers highlighted the need for infrastructure projects, such as the Pyeongtaek-Osong double-track expansion, to address the structural supply deficit. The audit also addressed operational issues, including a significant increase in the repair time for malfunctioning onboard vending machines.

Furthermore, political debate has emerged regarding the integration of KTX and SRT high-speed rail operations. Proponents argue the integration will reduce costs for citizens, while critics warn it may increase Korail’s debt through potential revenue losses from fare reductions.