American Heart Association says up to 400 mg caffeine a day is safe

A study published by the American Heart Association in the journal *Circulation* found that daily caffeine intake of up to 400 mg – roughly three to five 237 ml cups of black coffee – does not increase cardiovascular risk for most healthy adults. Moderate coffee consumption without sugar or additives was associated with lower incidences of heart failure, stroke, coronary disease and type 2 diabetes. The researchers warned that high‑caffeine products such as energy drinks can cause dangerous blood‑pressure spikes and serious arrhythmias, and should be avoided.

Harvard nutrition professor Frank Hu, co‑author of the report, clarified that the findings do not constitute a recommendation for non‑coffee drinkers to start consuming caffeine, but they provide reassurance for regular coffee consumers about the safety of moderate intake.