Ancient Egypt: Researchers reconstruct perfumes and pigments

Researchers are utilizing ancient texts and chemical analysis to reconstruct the sophisticated sensory world of Ancient Egypt. Studies are focusing on both the fragrances and the artistic materials used thousands of years ago.

In the realm of perfumery, scientists are attempting to recreate scents like Kyphi, a famous incense used in religious rituals. While some recipes include up to 16 ingredients such as resins and aromatic plants, exact reconstruction remains challenging because certain ancient botanical species can no longer be identified with certainty. Notable projects include the attempt to recreate the Mendesian perfume associated with Cleopatra VII.

Simultaneously, a study published in Science Advances has revealed the complexity of ancient Egyptian paints. By analyzing protein signatures in samples from various artifacts—including coffins and murals dating from 1425 BCE to 400 CE—researchers discovered that artists used highly sophisticated binders. Beyond common bovine glue, evidence shows the use of adhesives derived from sheep, goats, donkeys, horses, and potentially wild antelopes to ensure the longevity of their vibrant artworks.