Scientific research into ancient Egyptian materials

Recent scientific research has provided new insights into the material culture of ancient Egypt, specifically regarding artistic pigments and sensory recreations.

A study published in Science Advances utilized paleoproteomics and mass spectrometry to analyze 28 samples from artifacts dating between 1425 B.C. and 400 A.D. The findings revealed that ancient artists used a complex variety of animal and plant-based binders and adhesives. Identified materials include collagen from cattle, donkeys, horses, sheep, goats, antelopes, and chickens, as well as egg proteins. The research also noted the use of cereals like wheat, barley, and rye, alongside sesame and moringa, suggesting that material choices were influenced by both technical needs and religious symbolism.

Parallel efforts are using chemical analysis and ancient texts to reconstruct the sensory experiences of the era, such as the recreation of traditional perfumes and incense like Kyphi. While researchers face challenges in identifying certain extinct botanical species, they continue to study the sophisticated binders and fragrances used in religious and daily life.