Atopic dermatitis identified as complex inflammatory disease

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by dry skin and intense itching. It results from a complex interaction between genetic susceptibility, skin barrier dysfunction, and immune system dysregulation, often triggered or worsened by environmental factors.

In Portugal, the condition is estimated to affect between 2% and 5% of the general population, including approximately 15% of children and adolescents. About 34,000 Portuguese individuals suffer from moderate to severe cases. The most debilitating symptom is intense pruritus (itching), which often worsens at night, leading to compulsive scratching, wounds, and infections.

While the condition can appear at any age, onset is typically early: 45% of cases manifest within the first six months of life, and up to 90% appear before age five. However, it can persist into adulthood or emerge for the first time in adults. The persistent itching and subsequent sleep deprivation can significantly impact concentration, school and professional performance, and emotional balance.