Biological rhythms and time perception factors

Changes in daylight during the autumn equinox can impact human sleep patterns and biological rhythms. As natural light exposure decreases, the body's circadian rhythm—the internal 24-hour cycle regulating sleep, wakefulness, hormone secretion, and body temperature—must adapt.

Reduced light levels influence the production of melatonin, a hormone essential for sleep that is triggered by darkness. The National Institute of Mental Health indicates that these melatonin fluctuations are linked to seasonal sleep changes. For individuals with seasonal affective disorder, increased melatonin production may contribute to heightened drowsiness.

Additionally, research explores why the perception of time seems to accelerate with age. Theories suggest this is due to the proportionality of a year relative to total life experience, a lack of new experiences or novelty in routine, and the brain operating on ‘autopilot’ during repetitive tasks, which reduces the recording of distinct memories.