Brazil 2026 elections: roles of senators and deputies

As Brazil approaches the 2026 elections, voters will elect representatives for both federal and state legislative bodies. The primary responsibilities of senators and deputies include drafting laws and overseeing government actions.

In the federal sphere, the National Congress consists of senators and federal deputies. Senators serve eight-year terms and represent their states, with exclusive powers such as approving Supreme Court justices and Central Bank directors, as well as judging authorities in impeachment processes. In the 2026 elections, 54 of the 81 Senate seats will be up for renewal.

At the state level, such as in the Legislative Assembly of the State of Ceará (Alece), the legislative process involves various types of propositions. Ordinary bills (PL) are the most common and can be proposed by deputies, governors, or through popular initiative. Complementary bills are used for specific matters mandated by the Constitution and require a more rigorous approval quorum.