Brazilian child protection faces implementation gap as violence reports surge

A public hearing on the Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA) was held on 6 May, led by Senator Damares Alves. Participants said Brazil’s main challenge has shifted from drafting laws to ensuring those rights are effectively protected. They urged stronger public policies, especially digital safeguards, and coordinated action among health, social assistance and education services.

Data cited in the hearing show a record 657,000 human‑rights violation reports in 2024, with 289,000 involving children and adolescents. Between 2021 and 2023, 15,101 youths were victims of intentional violent deaths and 164,000 experienced rape or sexual assault. A separate study covering 2020‑2025 found child‑violence notifications more than doubled, rising 125% to 165,413 cases in 2025. Sexual violence accounted for 34% of reports, neglect 33% and physical abuse 33%, most occurring in the home; mothers were identified as aggressors in 34% of cases. The findings highlight the urgency of expanding mental‑health services and reinforcing Brazil’s child‑protection network.