Yunnan University scientists test first functional underwater solar plant

Scientists from Yunnan University have successfully tested the world’s first functional underwater solar power system in the South China Sea. The experiment, published in the journal Joule, demonstrated that photovoltaic modules can generate electricity at depths of up to 10 meters.

Unlike traditional silicon panels that struggle underwater due to the absorption of red and infrared light, the team developed lead halide perovskite solar cells. These cells are specifically tuned to capture the blue and green light spectrum that penetrates deeper into the ocean. During trials near Weizhou Island, the system successfully charged lithium-ion batteries and powered an LED light.

To combat the harsh marine environment, researchers implemented multi-layer protection using rubber, glass, and epoxy resin to shield the cells from high pressure, salinity, and corrosion. Laboratory tests showed a conversion efficiency of up to 34.71% under simulated deep-water lighting conditions. This advancement could provide autonomous power for underwater sensors, cameras, communication systems, and robots, reducing the need for frequent battery replacements or surface cables.