Heatwaves increase cardiovascular and cognitive health risks

Scientific research and medical experts warn that rising temperatures and frequent heatwaves significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases and other health complications. A systematic review published in the European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, involving researchers from the University of Bologna, highlights that extreme heat places intense pressure on the circulatory system. For every one-degree increase in body temperature, heart rate can rise by an average of 10 beats per minute, potentially reaching 26 beats per minute in vulnerable individuals.

Physiological responses to heat, such as vasodilation to disperse heat and increased sweating, can lead to reduced blood volume and lower blood pressure. This can cause orthostatic hypotension—dizziness when standing up—and increase the risk of heatstroke. Dehydration is a critical factor, particularly for those over 70, as the perception of thirst often diminishes with age.

Beyond cardiovascular issues, extreme heat affects cognitive functions, reducing attention, memory, and reaction speeds, which increases the risk of accidents. Experts also note that repeated heat exposure may have long-term impacts on biological aging, sleep, and mental health. Vulnerable groups, including the elderly, individuals with pre-existing conditions like hypertension or coronary disease, and outdoor workers, are at the highest risk.