Climate change threatens cocoa yields in Ghana and Ivory Coast

Cocoa farmers in West Africa are facing significant challenges due to erratic weather patterns and climate change, leading to declining yields in major producing regions.

In Ghana’s Bono East Region, farmers report sharp drops in cocoa output. Some growers have seen seasonal harvests fall from 28 bags to as few as 10 bags due to prolonged sunshine and unpredictable rainfall. In response, some farmers are planting shade trees like mahogany to protect crops and utilizing organic manure to maintain soil fertility. There are also calls for the government to expand irrigation schemes to mitigate weather volatility.

In Ivory Coast, the world’s largest cocoa producer, scientists at the National Center for Agronomic Research (CNRA) are working to develop climate-resistant cocoa varieties. These new varieties are being bred to withstand water stress and rising temperatures. Researchers have identified 11 satisfactory varieties through cross-pollination and greenhouse testing, with plans to eventually distribute them to farmers to protect the industry, which supports approximately five million people and contributes 15 percent to the national GDP.