East China Normal University researchers develop smart probiotic for diabetes

Researchers at East China Normal University, led by Ye Haifeng, have developed a genetically engineered probiotic named GIFT that functions as a ‘living medicine’ for diabetes management. Published in the journal Nature, the study details how the modified Escherichia coli bacteria use a glucose-sensitive regulator gene to monitor blood sugar levels.

Unlike traditional GLP-1 medications such as Ozempic or Wegovy, which provide fixed doses via injection, GIFT operates on a ‘demand-based’ model. When blood glucose levels rise, the bacteria trigger the production and release of the GLP-1 hormone; when levels normalize, the secretion stops. This real-time response aims to reduce side effects like kidney issues or rebound effects associated with constant dosing.

In animal testing involving mice and non-human primates, the probiotic effectively controlled blood sugar and improved lipid levels. The team has applied for patents in China, the US, and Europe, with a goal to introduce the technology to the US market as a health supplement within two years, though it currently remains in the experimental stage and requires regulatory approval for medical use.