El Niño phenomenon poses significant health risks

The El Niño phenomenon, characterized by the warming of the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean, poses significant health risks by increasing temperatures and altering environmental conditions. Medical specialists from the Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica warn that the phenomenon can lead to increased rates of cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, and skin problems.

Dr. Elliott Garita noted that the primary effect is dehydration and fluid loss, which concentrates the blood and forces the heart to work harder, potentially proving fatal for the elderly or those with pre-existing cardiac conditions. Internal medicine specialist Carlos Araya observed a correlation between rising heat and increased hospitalizations for heart attacks, strokes, kidney stones, diabetes, and hypertension.

To mitigate these risks, experts recommend proactive hydration—consuming liquids even before feeling thirsty—and eating water-rich fruits like watermelon and melon. Additionally, neurologist Luis Ugalde highlighted that changes in temperature and increased exposure to dust and smoke can trigger respiratory and allergic issues.