El Niño threatens Brazilian dairy production through heat stress

Dairy producers in Brazil are facing potential challenges due to the El Niño phenomenon, which is expected to bring above-average temperatures. According to the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET), there is a more than 90% probability that El Niño will be classified as very strong between September and November 2026.

High temperatures can lead to thermal stress in dairy cows, characterized by symptoms such as rapid breathing, open mouths, and increased seeking of shade and water. This stress can result in reduced food consumption, leading to lower milk production and decreased fat and protein content. Additionally, thermal stress may impact reproduction and increase health issues like mastitis and hoof problems.

To mitigate these effects, experts recommend ensuring constant access to clean water, providing shade and ventilation, and feeding animals during cooler hours. Nutritional strategies include offering denser diets, highly digestible fibers, and monitoring mineral levels such as sodium and potassium to maintain nutrient supply despite reduced intake.