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[BUSINESS] · Japan, United States, Thailand · 19 sources

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Central banks weigh inflation risks and AI's economic impact

Central bank leaders at the IMF and World Bank annual meetings in Bangkok are navigating a complex economic landscape shaped by inflation risks and the rapid expansion of artificial intelligence.

Bank of Japan Governor Kazuo Ueda emphasized the need to maintain core inflation near the 2% target, signaling that the bank will continue raising interest rates to prevent prices from exceeding this goal. This follows a recent hike to a 31-year high.

Federal Reserve Chair Kevin Warsh described the AI boom as the most consequential economic shift of his lifetime. He noted that while AI is expected to drive significant productivity and supply-side benefits in the medium term, the current surge in AI-related investment is creating a demand shock that exerts upward pressure on inflation.

Global central banks have engaged in synchronous monetary policy tightening to combat inflation. However, officials warned that the massive capital requirements for AI infrastructure—such as data centers and semiconductors—could complicate monetary policy by driving up demand for capital and energy before productivity gains are realized. The IMF also cautioned that if AI investments fail to meet investor expectations, it could trigger market corrections and financial stability risks.

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Bank of Japan · Federal Reserve · International Monetary Fund · Kazuo Ueda · Kevin Warsh · Kristalina Georgieva

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