Health risks of dieting in individuals with normal weight

Research published in Nature Reviews Endocrinology highlights the physiological risks associated with weight cycling, commonly known as the 'yo-yo effect.' Experts warn that repeated phases of weight loss and regain can negatively alter body composition by reducing muscle mass and increasing visceral fat. This shift elevates the risk of cardiometabolic conditions, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

The impact of these cycles varies depending on an individual's starting weight. While those with obesity may see body composition changes similar to their baseline, normal-weight individuals predisposed to obesity face higher risks. In these cases, rapid weight loss often results in a greater loss of lean muscle mass and a reduction in resting energy expenditure, leading to increased fat storage during weight regain.

Given that approximately 30 percent of individuals with a normal weight express a desire to lose weight, researchers advocate for a strict benefit-risk assessment during medical weight interventions. Experts recommend protein-rich diets, strength training, and professional guidance to mitigate these health risks.