Illegal mining in Peru threatens Amazon rainforest and indigenous lands

Illegal gold mining is causing significant environmental and economic damage in the Peruvian Amazon, particularly in the Madre de Dios region. Recent law enforcement operations by the Peruvian National Police and the Armed Forces have resulted in the destruction of illegal mining logistics and assets valued at tens of millions of soles.

Beyond the immediate economic impact of these seizures, the expansion of illegal mining poses a severe threat to biodiversity and indigenous communities. The number of mining announcements reportedly rose from approximately 800 in 2020 to over 2,500 in 2024. This activity has penetrated protected areas, including the Tambopata National Reserve and Bahuaja Sonene National Park.

The use of mercury in gold extraction is contaminating rivers and soil, entering the food chain through fish and threatening the health of local populations. Indigenous leaders report that the destruction of their territory impacts their food security, culture, and identity. Furthermore, illegal mining is often linked to other criminal activities in the region, such as drug trafficking, illegal logging, and land grabbing.