India modernizes infantry small-arms and defense strategy

The Indian Army is undergoing a significant modernization of its small-arms arsenal to enhance infantry capabilities and reduce import dependency. A key part of this strategy involves phasing out the legacy INSAS 5.56 mm assault rifle in favor of a dual-rifle approach. This includes the American SIG-716i battle rifle, with over 66,400 units already in service, and the Russian-designed AK-203, which is being manufactured domestically in India through Indo-Russian Rifles Private Limited. The total order for the AK-203 stands at 601,427 units.

Additionally, a ₹2,770 crore contract was awarded to replace aging 9 mm sub-machine guns with 425,000 Close Quarter Battle (CQB) carbines. This contract is split between Bharat Forge and the joint venture PLR Systems, with deliveries expected between 2026 and 2028.

Complementing these hardware upgrades, Army Chief General Dhiraj Seth has emphasized the need for broader defence self-reliance. He noted that while technology may shorten individual battles, modern warfare often involves periods of varying intensity, described as ‘wars with pause’. General Seth highlighted the necessity of developing scalable, low-cost technologies, such as drones, to counter expensive military platforms and ensuring equipment is tailored to India’s diverse geographic and climatic conditions.