India Suspends Indus Waters Treaty Until Pakistan Acts on Terrorism

India has kept the 1960 Indus Waters Treaty in abeyance, saying it will not resume the agreement until Pakistan takes verifiable and irreversible action against cross‑border terrorism. The suspension follows the April 22, 2025 Pahalgam terror attack that killed 26 people and was cited by New Delhi’s Cabinet Committee on Security as a breach of the trust underlying the treaty.

Pakistan has urged Canada to help restore the treaty, arguing that the suspension heightens regional tensions. Analysts warn that the pause could undermine water predictability for Pakistan, as the lack of joint measurements and inspections may lead to abrupt flow changes, even though India lacks the capacity to divert the western rivers quickly. The treaty allocates the Ravi, Beas and Sutlej to India, while the Indus, Jhelum and Chenab are primarily for Pakistan, with provisions for domestic use and run‑of‑river hydropower. India’s stance cites the treaty’s lack of a unilateral exit clause and warns that any attempt to alter water allocations could be treated as an act of war.