Internal divisions emerge within Iran's leadership amid conflict

Political elites and former officials within the Islamic Republic are divided over how to navigate a deepening crisis following military escalations and domestic unrest. Former ministers and representatives from various political factions are calling for a strategic course correction to preserve the state order.

A central point of contention is the Islamabad agreement, intended to end hostilities with the United States by June 2026. Mohammad Salari of the Reform Front has criticized establishment figures for mobilizing against the deal despite purported approval from the Supreme National Security Council and the Supreme Leader.

Former Tehran Mayor Gholamhossein Karbaschi has questioned the chain of command regarding military decisions, specifically citing attacks on ships in the Strait of Hormuz in July. Karbaschi also advocated for direct diplomatic engagement, suggesting a meeting between President Masoud Pezeshkian and Donald Trump.

Former Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif warned that Iran's heavy reliance on China and Russia limits its foreign policy autonomy, risking the country becoming a “cheap partner.” These internal disagreements highlight significant friction between reformist elements and the Revolutionary Guard regarding military operations and diplomatic orientation.