Japan passes personal data law amendment allowing AI use without consent

On 10 July 2026 the Japanese Diet approved an amendment to the Personal Information Protection Act that permits the provision of sensitive personal data – such as race, belief, medical history and criminal records – to third parties without the individual's consent when used for AI development or statistical purposes. The change was passed in the House of Councillors after earlier approval in the lower house.

Opposition parties, including the Constitutional Democratic Party, criticised the reform, warning that it "overturns the concept of personal data protection and disregards individuals' rights and interests," and warned of heightened risks of data leaks. The amendment includes provisions for written agreements limiting use and penalties for misuse, but critics argue the safeguards are insufficient and could jeopardise Japan’s adequacy status under the EU GDPR.

Supporters argue the reform will accelerate AI innovation and economic activity, while civil‑rights groups stress the need for stronger privacy protections.