Japan to launch large-scale deep-sea rare earth mining test near Minamitorishima

Japan's Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) recovered about 50 tons of seabed mud from a depth of roughly 6 km off the remote Pacific island of Minamitorishima. Analysis showed that roughly 54 % of the rare‑earth content consists of medium and heavy elements such as yttrium, gadolinium, dysprosium and neodymium, which are critical for semiconductors, electric‑vehicle motors and defense systems. No significant radioactive or toxic substances were found.

The government plans a month‑long large‑scale mining trial starting in February 2027, aiming to dredge up to 350 tons of mud per day and to test extraction, refining and smelting processes. Results will feed a feasibility report due by March 2028, intended to reduce Japan’s reliance on China, which supplies about 70 % of global rare‑earth mining and 90 % of refined material. Estimates suggest the seabed around Minamitorishima could hold up to 16 million tons of rare‑earth deposits, ranking among the world’s largest.

Prime Minister Fumio Kōchi highlighted the strategic importance of yttrium and other rare earths for high‑tech industries and announced that both the public and private sectors will collaborate to strengthen supply‑chain resilience.