Japan to designate backup capital to mitigate disaster risks

Japan has passed legislation to designate one or more secondary capitals to ensure the continuity of government functions in the event of a major disaster in Tokyo. The move is driven by concerns over the high concentration of political and economic power in the capital, which sits within the Pacific Ring of Fire and faces significant risks from earthquakes, typhoons, and flooding.

Thirteen local governments are currently competing for the designation, a process described by some as a ‘gold rush’ due to the potential for government subsidies, tax incentives, and infrastructure investment. Major contenders include Osaka, which possesses significant economic scale but faces its own seismic risks; Nagoya, highlighting its industrial strength; and Fukuoka and Sapporo, which offer different geographic advantages.

The selection process has sparked political debate. Critics have raised concerns regarding potential bias toward Osaka and have called for clear criteria that prioritize geological stability and disaster resilience over regional political interests.