Malaysia's ruling coalition faces test as two states call snap elections

Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim's ruling alliance – comprising Pakatan Harapan, Barisan Nasional and smaller parties – is confronting a test of popular support after the state assemblies of Negeri Sembilan and Johor were dissolved and elections scheduled within 60 days. While the polls will not immediately alter Anwar’s parliamentary majority, significant losses could weaken the coalition’s position ahead of a general election expected by early 2028.

The moves highlight growing tensions within the coalition over ethnic‑religious policy, the pace of reforms and pressure from UMNO, which is seeking a royal pardon for former prime minister Najib Razak. Barisan Nasional has announced it will contest the Johor election alone, whereas Pakatan Harapan will field candidates for all 36 seats in Negeri Sembilan. Additional state elections in Malacca and Sarawak are also due later this year.

Analysts note that if internal divisions persist, Anwar has previously warned he could consider calling a snap national poll, linking the outcomes of these state contests to the future stability of the unity government.