Multiple myeloma research identifies bone marrow changes and new risk criteria

Researchers are identifying new ways to understand and treat multiple myeloma, a hematological cancer involving the uncontrolled proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow.

In Spain, investigators from CIMAV and the Clínica Universidad de Navarra have identified changes in the bone marrow microenvironment that play a key role in disease progression. By using single-cell RNA sequencing, the team analyzed how the microenvironment evolves from the asymptomatic monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) stage to active multiple myeloma. The study focused on endothelial cells and mesenchymal stem cells, which create a supportive environment for tumor growth.

Simultaneously, a study published in the journal Cancer suggests updating clinical criteria for identifying high-risk patients. Due to advancements in modern treatments—such as quadruple therapy and stem cell transplants—the disease is controlled longer than in the past. Researchers propose extending the period used to identify high-risk functional multiple myeloma from 18 to 36 months. This adjustment aims to better recognize patients who require more aggressive therapeutic approaches or priority inclusion in clinical trials.