New Delhi air pollution levels surge 30-fold

Air pollution in New Delhi has surged to more than 30 times the recommended daily limits set by the World Health Organization, reaching toxic levels. PM2.5 particulate matter, which can enter the bloodstream and is linked to cancer, has been recorded at over 461 micrograms per cubic meter in some areas.

The spike occurs despite recent emergency measures, including traffic restrictions and the suspension of construction activities. Experts note that pollution levels are expected to worsen ahead of the Diwali festival due to traditional firework displays. While the Indian Supreme Court has permitted the limited use of “green firecrackers” designed to reduce emissions, regulations are frequently ignored.

Data from the Indian Ministry of Environment indicates that vehicle emissions contribute 23 percent of winter pollution in Delhi, while agricultural biomass and stubble burning account for 20 percent. Industrial sectors contribute approximately 9 percent. Additionally, secondary particles, formed by chemical reactions between gases from vehicles, industry, and combustion, constitute 27 percent of the pollution. Experts also point to excessive chemical fertilizer use in surrounding agricultural areas, which releases ammonia that reacts with other pollutants to form secondary atmospheric particles.