Northwestern University study links breathing rhythm to reaction speed

A study conducted by Northwestern University suggests that breathing rhythms significantly influence cognitive performance and reaction speeds. Research led by Ken Paller and Erika M. Yamazaki involving 35 adults found that participants reacted an average of 41 milliseconds faster during exhalation compared to inhalation when performing a Psychomotor Vigilance Task.

Data also indicated that reaction times were approximately 21 milliseconds faster during the pauses following exhalation. The slowest reaction times were recorded at the peak of inhalation. These findings provide new insights into the interaction between the autonomic nervous system and central information processing, though the applicability to complex daily activities remains to be determined.

Beyond reaction speeds, proper breathing techniques—such as deep, slow abdominal breathing—are linked to improved well-being. Correct breathing patterns can help reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and increase oxygen supply to the brain, whereas shallow breathing can induce physical stress.