Obesity prevention factors include genetics, sleep, and prenatal nutrition

Obesity prevention involves a complex combination of factors beyond diet and exercise, including family history, sleep quality, sedentary behavior, and metabolic health. According to data from Brazil’s Ministry of Health released in 2025, 62.6% of adults in capital cities are overweight, with 25.7% living with obesity. Among young adults aged 18 to 24, overweight prevalence is 41.3%, while it reaches 61.7% for those aged 25 to 34.

Research highlights that the risk of childhood obesity can begin during pregnancy through a process known as fetal programming. Maternal nutrition during gestation influences the metabolic structure of the fetus, affecting glucose control and fat storage. Experts note that the first 1,000 days of life, from conception to age two, are a critical window for metabolic development.

Additionally, the World Health Organization issued guidelines in December 2025 regarding the use of GLP-1 class medications for obesity treatment, emphasizing the need for individualized assessment and the identification of high-risk individuals.