PFAS production rises due to AI demand as Illinois launches new regulation plan

The demand for artificial intelligence technology is driving an increase in the production of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), also known as ‘forever chemicals’. These substances are essential for semiconductor fabrication and data-center cooling systems. A survey by the Swedish watchdog ChemSec indicates that major global producers plan to expand production, raising concerns that replacing older PFAS with less-studied short-chain alternatives may lead to new environmental and health hazards.

In response to the ongoing contamination of air, soil, and water, the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency has released a new statewide strategy to address PFAS. The plan includes setting new limits for groundwater and drinking water. Under these regulations, public water systems in Illinois must begin testing for the chemicals next spring, complete initial testing by 2027, and comply with all safety limits by 2029. The state's approach follows years of increasing regulation aimed at limiting the use and disposal of these persistent synthetic chemicals.