Poland's major cities face heightened military and cyber threats

A Bank of Poland (BGK) report quantifies military risk to Polish municipalities, noting that threats now include disinformation, cyber‑attacks and hybrid operations linked to the war in Ukraine. The analysis creates a Military Threat Index, highlighting Warsaw and Gdańsk as the most vulnerable due to their proximity to the Russian, Belarusian and Ukrainian borders and the presence of critical infrastructure such as ports, airports and power plants. Other urban centres such as Kraków, Poznań, Wrocław and smaller towns also receive risk ratings, with regional variations in resilience.

Separately, the director of Poland’s national cybersecurity centre (NASK) warns that phishing remains the most common attack vector, while ransomware causes the greatest economic damage. In 2025 the centre handled over 650,000 reports, a 150 % rise from the previous year, reflecting both higher attacker activity and improved detection. He stresses that human expertise outweighs technology alone, recommending stronger digital hygiene, regular backups and preparedness for AI‑driven attacks that could reshape threat landscapes.

Both analyses underline the expanding security challenges facing Poland’s cities, combining traditional military concerns with rapidly evolving cyber risks.