Protein intake linked to longevity and metabolic health

A review published in the journal Cell Metabolism suggests that reducing protein intake may be linked to favorable metabolic changes and increased longevity. Analyzing over 350 studies, researchers observed that in animal models, such as mice, lower protein consumption was associated with longer lifespans, even without calorie restriction. This effect may be driven by the liver increasing production of the hormone FGF21 when specific amino acids, such as methionine and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), are reduced.

In humans, the impact of protein restriction is less definitive, though some studies indicate short-term metabolic benefits like improved fasting blood glucose and reduced body weight. Conversely, nutrition experts emphasize that protein remains a vital macronutrient. It provides nine essential amino acids necessary for tissue repair, enzyme production, and hormone regulation. Protein is also highly satiating, which can assist in weight management, and is critical for maintaining muscle mass and bone integrity as people age.