Researchers identify biological mechanisms linking cholesterol to heart disease and Alzheimer's

Scientists have identified new biological pathways that explain how cholesterol levels impact major health conditions. Researchers at the University of California, San Diego, discovered a mechanism where high dietary cholesterol activates the Ral protein, which in turn triggers the enzyme Cathepsin A (CTSA). This process reduces the number of LDL receptors in the liver, hindering the body's ability to clear harmful cholesterol from the bloodstream.

In a separate study, researchers at the Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California found that cholesterol oxidation plays a key role in Alzheimer's disease. The study suggests that oxidized cholesterol causes the ABCA1 protein to become trapped in lysosomes, leading to cellular inflammation and aging, particularly in individuals with the APOE4 genetic risk factor. Testing on mice showed that the drug cyclodextrin could reduce oxidized cholesterol levels and mitigate neuroinflammation.

Additionally, researchers in China have explored the effects of curcumin on neurological health, finding that the compound helps repair brain damage and reduce inflammation following epileptic seizures by regulating the PTPRZ1 protein.