Researchers identify key proteins linked to aging and cellular decline

Researchers have identified two distinct biological mechanisms that may influence the aging process and its associated health complications.

A study led by Xiamen University found that a brain protein called Menin plays a critical role in regulating aging via the hypothalamus. As Menin levels decline with age, mice exhibited increased brain inflammation, reduced bone mass, thinner skin, and cognitive decline. Restoring Menin production in older mice led to measurable improvements in skin thickness, bone mass, and memory within 30 days. Additionally, the decline in Menin was linked to lower levels of D-serine, an amino acid essential for neuron communication; supplementing D-serine improved learning and memory in mice.

Separately, scientists at Cedars-Sinai Health Sciences University identified the protein PD-L2 as a mechanism that allows senescent, or “zombie,” cells to evade the immune system. These cells stop dividing but remain in the body, releasing inflammatory substances. By blocking PD-L2 in mice, researchers were able to reduce the accumulation of these harmful cells and lower inflammation, suggesting PD-L2 could be a target for therapies designed to clear aging cells from the body.