Hong Kong researchers develop 3D-printable bio-material for Mars habitats

Researchers at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology have developed a 3D-printable bio-material designed for constructing habitats on Mars. The formula utilizes a mixture of Martian sand, gelatin, and genetically modified yeast to create a substance as strong as concrete.

According to the study published in Chem Circularity, the material leverages Mars' extreme environmental conditions. The low pressure and freezing temperatures cause the water in the mixture to undergo sublimation—turning directly from ice to vapor—which leaves behind a porous, lightweight structure. This process is significantly more energy-efficient than traditional methods that require melting local rock at temperatures exceeding 1,000 degrees Celsius.

The team, led by engineer Jishen Qiu, engineered the yeast to produce highly adhesive proteins, similar to those used by mussels, to bind sand particles together. This approach could allow for the construction of colonies without the need to transport heavy building materials from Earth.