Yeast-based biomaterial for Martian construction

Researchers from The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology and Hong Kong Polytechnic University have proposed a method for constructing Martian habitats using 3D printing and a living biomaterial. The approach utilizes a mixture of Martian regolith (sand), gelatin, and genetically engineered yeast, specifically Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

To create a structural adhesive, scientists led by engineer Jishen Qiu modified the yeast to produce proteins similar to those used by mussels to attach to rocks. This biological glue binds the yeast cells to sand grains. When extruded through a 3D printer, the mixture is designed to harden through a natural process of freezing and sublimation caused by the low-pressure, cold Martian atmosphere. This sublimation process turns water directly from ice to vapor, leaving behind a porous, lightweight structure.

This biological curing process is estimated to require ten to one hundred times less energy than traditional thermochemical methods that involve melting rock at temperatures exceeding 1000 degrees Celsius. Laboratory tests suggest the resulting material possesses a compressive strength comparable to low-quality terrestrial concrete. Furthermore, the material is recyclable, as broken components can be crushed and reformed into new bricks.

Detailed findings regarding this technique have been published in the journal Chem Circularity. The method offers a potential pathway for establishing colonies without the need to transport heavy building materials from Earth.