Satellite reentries pose potential threat to ozone layer

A new report from the European Space Agency (ESA) warns that the increasing number of satellite launches and subsequent atmospheric reentries could damage the Earth's ozone layer.

As satellite constellations grow, decommissioned units are directed to burn up in the atmosphere to prevent orbital congestion. Researchers, including Daniel Kastinen from the Institute of Space Physics, note that the sheer volume of these reentries is unprecedented. For instance, a constellation of 50,000 satellites with a five-year lifespan would require 10,000 launches annually.

When satellites burn up, they release fine particles and metals, such as aluminum and copper, into the atmosphere. These substances can break down into atoms or ions that react with atmospheric components, potentially affecting cloud formation, solar radiation reflection, and the stability of the ozone layer.