Mummified remains trade poses biological risks to collectors

Researchers are warning of significant biological and chemical risks associated with the growing online trade of ancient mummified human and animal remains. A study published in the International Journal of Cultural Property, involving bioarchaeologist Kirsty Squires from the University of Staffordshire, analyzed 128 online listings across social media platforms like Meta, auction houses, and e-commerce sites.

The analysis revealed that many items, including hands, feet, and heads, showed clear signs of biodeterioration. Sellers frequently failed to provide safety instructions for handling these artifacts. The risks are twofold: exposure to toxic substances used in ancient mummification processes—such as arsenic, lead, and mercury—and the inhalation of dangerous microbial spores.

As a historical precedent, researchers cited a 1970s incident in Poland where ten out of twelve conservators died after inhaling Aspergillus mold spores while opening the tomb of King Casimir IV at Wawel Castle. Experts warn that because many collectors display these remains in unprotected environments, they face serious pathological threats from centuries-old microorganisms.