WHO says up to 45% of dementia risk preventable with lifestyle changes

The World Health Organization released updated global guidelines on the prevention of cognitive decline and dementia, stating that up to 45 % of dementia risk is linked to modifiable factors. The recommendations, which replace the 2019 guidance, call for regular physical activity, smoking cessation, reduced alcohol consumption, a healthy diet, social engagement, control of cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes and high cholesterol, reduction of air‑pollution exposure, and the use of hearing aids when needed. The WHO advises against routine supplementation with vitamins B, E, omega‑3 fatty acids or multivitamins unless a deficiency is diagnosed. More than 57 million people worldwide live with dementia and nearly 10 million new cases arise each year.

WHO Director‑General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said the new guidance “translates what we know about dementia risk into concrete actions that countries can implement immediately.” Italian neurologist Vincenzo Di Lazzaro, speaking at a Vatican‑hosted conference on Alzheimer’s, noted that “we can prevent up to one case of dementia out of two” by addressing these risk factors. Health Minister Orazio Schillaci highlighted the importance of prevention and early diagnosis, adding that the government is increasing funding for research and care. The Vatican’s Monsignor Marcelo Sánchez Sorondo called for a balance between scientific innovation and compassionate support for patients and families.

The guidelines aim to integrate dementia prevention with broader non‑communicable disease strategies, offering a clear, evidence‑based framework for governments, health systems and individuals to protect cognitive health.