Yemen conflict escalates as global powers weigh strategic interests

The conflict in Yemen has entered a new phase of intensity with the fifth month of the “Dawn of Yemen” operation. Military confrontations between the internationally recognized government and Houthi militias have intensified across the Lahj, Taiz, Al Jawf, and Marib fronts, as well as along the western coast.

Major global powers are approaching the escalation through different strategic lenses. The United States is focused on protecting maritime navigation in the Red Sea and Bab al-Mandab strait, ensuring global energy security, and supporting regional allies against Iranian influence. Conversely, Russia maintains a pragmatic stance, viewing the conflict as a means to divert Western military and political attention from other global theaters while maintaining communication with the legitimate government.

Security concerns have expanded beyond Yemen to the Horn of Africa. Reports, including a 2025 United Nations expert report, indicate growing logistical and technical cooperation between Houthi forces and Al-Shabaab in Somalia, involving the exchange of military expertise and drone technology. This expansion, supported by Iranian technical assistance, poses a direct threat to international shipping lanes, global supply chains, and energy markets.