Brazilian cotton industry production and export trends

The Brazilian cotton sector is navigating a period of record-breaking production and export volumes alongside significant economic and competitive pressures. Leading up to the 15th Brazilian Cotton Congress in Belo Horizonte, industry estimates from the National Supply Company (Conab) projected a lint production of approximately 4.1 million tons for the 2025/2026 harvest, following a record export year of 3.37 million tons.

As the congress commenced, data indicated that the 2025/26 harvest was expected to reach 4.14 million tons, representing a 1.5% increase over the previous cycle driven by a 4.9% rise in average productivity despite a reduction in planted area. Projections suggest Brazil will maintain global leadership in shipments through 2026/27, potentially outpacing the United States.

Despite these growth metrics, the industry faces ongoing challenges. Producers are managing high costs for fertilizers, pesticides, machinery, fuel, and storage, while also contending with slow global fiber consumption growth and competition from synthetic materials. Additionally, international buyers are increasingly emphasizing requirements for quality, traceability, and environmental and social responsibility.