Colombia security policy transition

The Colombian government, under President Abelardo de la Espriella, has initiated a transition in national security policy by seeking to replace the ‘Paz Total’ framework established by former President Gustavo Petro. The new legislative approach aims to establish a model of judicial submission for criminal organizations, prioritizing prosecution over previous incentive structures.

In October 2026, Congress began debating the replacement project, which followed reports from the Ministry of Defense and the Fundación Ideas para la Paz indicating a rise in armed group members from approximately 15,120 in late 2022 to nearly 28,802 by July 2026. Key groups involved include the Clan del Golfo, the ELN, the Estado Mayor Central, and the Coordinadora Nacional Ejército Bolivariano.

By November 2026, Congress approved the new law, passing it in both the Senate and the House of Representatives. The legislation now awaits the presidential signature. The approved measure offers sentence reductions to combatants who surrender, dismantle criminal networks, release hostages and minors, and provide information on illegal assets. This shift moves away from the negotiation model toward a strategy focused on disarmament, judicial cooperation, and military pressure.

Following the legislative approval, violent incidents were reported, including an explosive attack in Patía, Cauca, that killed a civilian and injured two women, and a device targeting a toll booth in Valle del Cauca. The administration has attributed the growth of armed groups to previous ceasefires that allowed organizations to strengthen.