Egyptian fiscal and tax policy reforms

The Egyptian government has implemented several fiscal and tax-related initiatives aimed at improving service delivery, stimulating investment, and managing national debt.

Initially, the Egyptian Tax Authority transitioned toward a service-oriented approach by establishing mobile tax committees within various professional unions to provide on-site technical support and assistance with electronic invoicing. Simultaneously, authorities approved amendments to income and stamp duty laws to encourage stock market investment through capital gains exemptions and simplified accounting for securities.

To address rising debt servicing costs, which reached approximately 2.12 trillion Egyptian pounds in the first 11 months of the 2025-2026 fiscal year, the government announced plans to launch its first tax sukuk. These Islamic bonds, issued by the Central Bank on behalf of the Ministry of Finance, will offer tax-exempt returns that investors can use to settle future tax obligations. This follows directives from President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi to launch a third package of tax facilities intended to expand the economic base and integrate the informal economy.