European climate adaptation efforts

European nations are addressing vulnerabilities to climate change through varying approaches to adaptation and planning.

In Sweden, the National Advisory Board for Climate Adaptation has reported that implementation of measures is progressing too slowly and unevenly to match rising risks from heatwaves, heavy rainfall, and landslides. Experts noted that Swedish society is largely built for a climate that no longer exists, suggesting that adaptation should be integrated with national security and crisis preparedness. A new prioritization principle has been introduced to favor nature-based solutions and avoid construction in high-risk areas.

In Switzerland, the Federal Council has approved a revised climate change adaptation strategy and action plan for 2026 to 2031. This follows reports of temperature increases of nearly three degrees Celsius compared to pre-industrial levels. The strategy includes 56 specific measures across 30 priority areas, such as creating national heat maps, developing drought monitoring systems, and improving resilience for agriculture, forests, and transport infrastructure.